Engineered structures are designed to resist all expected loading without failure. However, structural failures do occasionally occur due to inadequate design and construction, especially for extreme and unconventional loads. In terms of progressive-failure in structural analysis, it is important to determine the most vulnerable element that are capable for destruction with improving these defective elements, the performance of whole structure will be better and the risk of progressive collapse will decrease. Progressive failure is the spread of a chain of damage from one member to another in a structure that, following local damage caused by the removal of one or more load-bearing members, begins and is disproportionately transferred to the other members of the structure. The whole or destruction becomes a large part of the structure. In the discussion of progressive failure, determining the element that has the greatest potential for progressive failure is important. Because by strengthening this element, the performance of the structure can be improved. In this paper, the progressive failure of two reinforced concrete structures with a different number of floors (10 and 16-storey buildings) using nonlinear dynamic analysis is investigated. The analysis and design of this structure has been done in SAP 2000 software and modeling has been done by creating local failure in the middle column and corner column under the influence of three different acceleration angles. The relative displacement of the floors, the viscosity index based on the maximum base cut and the formation of plastic joints, and the possibility of progressive failure based on existing standards and design based on the GSA guideline Alternative Method have been investigated. The results of this study show that in reinforced concrete buildings, the bending frame of the corner columns has the highest potential for progressive failure. In addition, the results show that structures with higher heights perform better against progressive failure.

Introduction: Alternative punishments of imprisonment, which are called as a new approach of the penal system to fight against the negative consequences of prison, have many effects and consequences that need to be investigated. Therefore, in this study, while examining the types of Alternative punishments, the moral and social effects of the implementation of these punishments have been explored. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted using an analytical-descriptive Method. In this study, in order to provide an appropriate answer to the question presented, by referring to the theoretical bases (books) and articles published in the ISC, Magiran, Civilica, SID and Ensani in the years 2011 to 2023 and with the Method of extracting the existing legal provisions, the effectiveness of this type of punishment was also criticized in reaching the intended goals. Conclusion: The results of this study show that with the implementation of such punishments, the level of public trust, the growth of morals and social capital in the society will also improve. Therefore, the implementation of these punishments, while reducing the criminal population of prisoners and reforming them, provides better implementation of social justice and improvement of public trust, emotional and financial support for the families of criminals

In order to evaluate the effect of different levels and Methods of using Salicylhydroxamic Acid (SHAM) on yield and yield components of safflower, an experiment was conducted in Research Farm of Islamic Azad University, Saveh Branch, Iran, in 2011-2012 growing season. Factorial experiment was carried out in randomized complete blocks design with three replications. SHAM chemical substance was used for safflower in two Methods including, seed priming (Seed preparation before planting) and plant spraying in anthesis stage. The results of the experiment showed that effect of seed priming was significant on all components of yield of safflower. Also, the results of experiment showed that the impact of using SHAM by plant spraying on the number of seeds in tray (Antodium) and diameter of tray and economic yield was significant on the level of one percent, while its impact on the number of branches per plant and number of tray (Antodium) per plant was significant on the level of five percent. Finally, the results of this experiment indicated positive effects of using Salicylhydroxamic Acid (SHAM) on the yield and yield components of safflower in both Methods of its application by preventing the wasting of Photosynthesis energy.

Progressive collapse studies generally assess the performance of the structure under gravity and blast loads, while earthquakes may also lead to the progressive collapse of a damaged structure. In this study, the progressive collapse response of concentrically braced dual systems with steel moment-resisting frames was assessed under seismic loads through pushover analysis using triangular and uniform lateral load patterns. Two different bracing types (X and inverted V braces) were considered, and their performances were compared under different lateral load patterns using the nonlinear static alternate Path Method recommended in the Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) guideline. Eventually, the seismic progressive collapse resistance of models was compared to their progressive collapse response under gravity loads. These studies showed that models under the seismic progressive collapse loads satisfied UFC acceptance criteria and limited rehabilitation objective. The structures had better performance under seismic progressive collapse than models under gravity loads because of more resistance, ductility, suitable load redistribution, and more structural elements that participated in load redistribution. Furthermore, despite studies on progressive collapse under gravity loads, the dual system with X braces showed better progressive collapse performance (more resistance, residual reserve strength ratio and ductility) under seismic loads than the model with inverted V braces.

One of the obvious reasons for most disorders in network service provisioning is network Path congestion. Congestion avoidance in today's networks is too costly and sometimes impossible. With the introduction of SDN, centralizing the equipment's control plane has become possible. This paper presents an enhanced Method named ESV-DBRA to avoid congestion in multi-tenant SDN networks. At first, ESV-DBRA monitors the traffic load and delay of all network Paths for each tenant individually. Then, by merging the parameters obtained from the monitoring, the Service Level Agreements (SLA), and a novel proposed cost function, it calculates the cost of the network Paths per tenant. As a result, traffic for each tenant is routed through the Path/Paths at the lowest possible cost from the tenant's perspective. Next, the bandwidth quotas will be calculated and assigned to the tenants over their optimal routes. Afterward, whenever congestion is likely to occur in a Path, ESV-DBRA automatically changes the route or bandwidth of the tenants' traffic related to this Path to avoid congestion. Related algorithms are also proposed.Eventually, simulations show that the proposed Method effectively increases bandwidth utilization by 10.76%.

Coronavirus outbreak and its negative consequences have affected not only the Iranian society, but also the international community. The negative consequences of this epidemic it has plunged society into a crisis and epidemic. And this phenomenon, in addition to the relationship between the health of communities, the context of social interactions and some customs (culture) of social activists, as a facilitator of the spread of this virus, which has given it a social and cultural nature. The purpose of this article is to analyze the effects of corona on social sustainability of the worn texture of Urmia city. According to the results obtained from the spatial analysis, we see an unbalanced distribution of service uses that is contrary to the goals of social sustainability. Access to medical facilities is relatively favorable, with 65. 94% of residents having adequate access to Inside tissue facilities and the remaining 34. 06% having adequate access to Out of tissue facilities. In terms of distribution of green and open space uses, the study area is facing a serious problem so that 73. 89% of residents do not have access to such spaces and is facing a shortage of 7. 78 meters per head. but in terms of level and per head, we face limitations. According to the analysis of the questionnaires by the Method of Path analysis of education indicators (0. 89), quality (0. 62), participation (0. 49), security (0. 35) and justice (-0. 35), respectively, the most Are indicators of social sustainability that have been affected by the Covid 19 virus. .

The common dynamic relaxation algorithm (DR) does not have the ability to trace the static Path. In these techniques, the jumps occur at the limit points. A variable load factor is used to fix this defect. Here, a new procedure is suggested to calculate the load factor. The authors’ relationship is achieved by minimizing external work and residual energy, simultaneously. It should be stated that the proposed load factor depends only on the DR artificial parameters. To show the ability of the new formulation, several truss and shell structures with nonlinear geometrically behavior are analyzed. All used Methods are ranked by the number of iterations, numbers of convergence points and total duration analysis. Numerical solutions show the high efficiency of the new Method. In other words, the authors' technique, in addition to good accuracy, has higher convergence rate, in comparison to the other strategies. On the other hand, the time duration of the proposed Method to trace the static Paths has been reduced appropriately compared to other techniques.